Encouraging downstream processing: industrial policy or resource nationalism?

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Why is it crucial to consider downstream processing at this time? There has long been a discussion in economic policy circles about downstream processing, most notably in the context of central planning or mercantilism, as evidenced by the former Soviet Union. With the fall of the Soviet Union, the demise of central planning, and the dismal outcomes of industrial policy as it was implemented in both developed and developing nations during the 1970s and 1980s, it would have been simple to assume that this conversation had come to an end. It seemed reasonable to assume that recent history would have provided enough empirical proof to reassure even the most doubtful. Over the last three decades, global trade has expanded at an unprecedented rate, leading to a significant decline in poverty. This can be attributed, at least in part, to specialization and the dispersion of supply chains. Notably, global trade has outpaced global GDP growth, refuting the claims made by proponents of policies

Integrating Sustainability Into Business Models

While global capitalism has historically made many people around the world rich, it is now facing more economic, environmental, and social problems than ever before. from climate change and a lack of water to fighting over natural resources and their depletion, damage to the environment, and a growing failure to grow enough food to feed everyone. Taking care of related issues of social justice is essential for long-term prosperity. Restoring Eco-system Services and building life-enhancing Air, Food, Energy, and Water (AFEW) sustainable systems locally and nationally are the ways to get to the future.

Environmental problems are getting worse on a global, national, and regional level, and long-term answers have not been found. The effects on economies, companies, and communities will make things less prosperous. Because of this new global reality, tools and systems are changing to be more resource-effective and efficient.


-How much energy, water, and minerals are used


-Carbon and other gases that trap heat in the earth


-Wastes and air pollution


-There are harmful chemicals in the world.


-Inefficient use of resources and land


-People's health has an effect on growth.


-Damage to the environment


-Inequality in the economy


To make the things we use today, huge amounts of raw resources are needed. Only a small part of what goes in comes out as things. The rest is waste, emissions, and often pollution. The flows will become more periodic tomorrow. If we switch from open-loop to closed-loop production and supply chain systems, they will be much more organized, efficient, and safe for materials, energy, and water. The environment will be fixed, and waste and pollution will be reduced or removed. Design and more efficient use of resources will bring in money.


More and more people are starting to understand that protecting the environment and natural capital is important for companies and communities. People used to think that better environmental performance would hurt competition, but now people realize that better environmental performance will be essential to competitiveness. The Triple Bottom Line triad is a way to look at how well a business is doing in terms of long-term sustainability. It includes measures of economic, environmental, and social performance in addition to financial results as ways to define success. People-Planet-Profit is another name for TBL, which is obviously too simple. The word "profit" isn't right because it refers to a past of unchecked and unfair capitalism that was driven by money. This word "prosperity" is much better because it includes health and well-being as well as more income opportunities for more people. To help less wealthy areas meet their needs, markets for goods that are cleaner and last longer will grow. This will lead to economic growth and more stable markets in the long run. 


There are a lot of things pushing companies to make sustainability efforts a top priority, not just a choice. Industries are becoming more worried about resource problems like energy, carbon, water, conflict metals, waste, and emissions, as well as the social problems that come with them. Rising stresses on both human and environmental health are also a problem. How businesses handle their resources is becoming a bigger strategic problem, which is another reason to support sustainability. This can affect a company's ability to work in places where the environment is getting worse, change the worth of its brand, and lower the amount of resources it uses and waste it makes throughout its supply chain. Adopting real sustainability practices in operations and strategies can also help meet the needs of customers and employees under the age of 35 who want promises like these. The shift toward a Circular Economy is being driven by these trends.


In the global economy, businesses will do better if they reduce the amount of resources they use and increase the amount of resources they can produce across all of their operations and supply lines. To do this in a way that changes things, they will need to use new strategies and techniques to:


Cut their carbon impact down by a large amount, More clean output should be conducted, Include environmentally friendly waste management,


Use eco-friendly tools, Put design for the environment methods into action, Use green energy sources that don't harm the environment, Offer goods that are better for the environment as a first choice, and Help find answers to problems in society and the world.


When businesses operate in certain areas, they have to adapt their business plans to deal with limited natural resources. This lets them come up with new green products and services, which are backed by business models that help them grow and make money. Moving away from wasteful and resource-intensive straight production and distribution and toward more closed-loop systems and a Design for the Environment approach is at the heart of these strategies. This is shown by pioneer Ray Anderson's story of how his carpet company, Interface, doubled profits and boosted sales compared to traditional waste-to-resource schemes. This way of thinking is shown very well in Tomorrow's Child's TED Talk, "The Business Logic of Sustainability" (Google on YouTube).


Businesses around the world are leading the way by incorporating sustainability into their general business plans and implementing frameworks for corporate social responsibility. To do this and handle the move away from traditional short-term accounting, more modern approaches like full cost accounting and sustainable return on investment are needed to get investors, company leaders, and other stakeholders to understand the full value of sustainability initiatives. This means putting prices on things like carbon and water that aren't used right now. One way to deal with the growing concerns and demands of environmentally friendly consumers is to take a wider approach. For example, you could rethink and implement environmentally friendly supply chain management as a basic strategy for staying competitive.


Target Corporation has set environmental standards for thousands of popular items, from baby lotion to dish detergent, because customers want safer and more environmentally friendly goods. The Minneapolis-based giant says it's part of a bigger plan to help people choose better products to buy. Target has started getting information from the companies that make 7500 different goods. Each product will be ranked on a scale from 1 to 100 based on how sustainable its ingredients are, how clear its label is, and how much of an impact it has on the environment as a whole. The November 2013 Minneapolis Star Tribune


Businesses that deal with other businesses are becoming more aware of the benefits of tackling sustainability issues. Some leaders think that businesses should go above and beyond what the government asks of them by coming up with new ways to be more environmentally friendly that go beyond what the law says. This not only lets businesses move resources from compliance tasks that don't bring in money, but it can also help them form smart partnerships with all levels of government and non-governmental organizations (NGOs). It can put a company in a situation to get public incentives to create and use new technologies. Long-term advantages can be gained by companies that take into account the full life-cycle costs of their goods and services, make sure they are designed and produced in the safest,


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